Lab+4-+DNA

Lab 4- DNA

__**Exercise 1 DNA Replication:**__ __**Exercise 2: Extract DNA from Wheat Germ**__ DNA extraction from wheat germ. Way to prove the substance is DNA: 1. Ethidium bromide stains DNA and gives a bright red-orange color. Toxic. [] 2. Hoechst stains in the grove of DNA. Non-toxic. [] 3. DAPI will stain the DNA to make a bright blue color. Toxic. []
 * Step One: Topoisomerase**
 * The topoisomerase is unwinding and loosening the strand of DNA**
 * Step Two: Helicase**
 * The helicase is melting the hydrogen bonds together.**
 * Step Three: Primase**
 * Makes a short RNA strand. Used for DNA replication because it primes by giving an OH for the polymerase.**
 * Step Four: DNA Polymerase**
 * Binds to one side of the DNA. Makes the nucleotides find their matching pair and the covalent bonds create the backbone with sugars.**
 * Step Five: Ligase**
 * It is hard to show in a model, but the ligase fills gaps in the backbone with sugars and phosphates.**

__**Exercise 3: Meiosis and Mitosis**__
 * Mitosis**
 * Meiosis**