Lab+9-+Comparative+Vertebrate+Anatomy

=﻿Lab 9- Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy=

Exercise 1: Dissection of Wing
After the first part of the skin has been removed. This is the Humerous bone, also the triceps and biceps muscles. After the skin has been removed:
 * The muscle action:** I pulled up on the biceps to cause a flex with the radius and the ulna:

Exercise 2: Comparative Anatomy of Arm vs. Wing
There are a lot of similiarities when comparing a human arm to a bird wing. Each have the same type of bones. However, the size and how many of some bones there are is what is different. The hand of a wing seems to be a bit more longer on the wing. And in a human, we have more metacarpals than the wing does. The bird wing also has a bone that we do not, the alula. The humerous in the wing is a lot shorter than in a human as well. In humans, we have 5 phalanges per hand while in a wing it seems there is only one.

Exercise 3: Comparative Anatomy of Bone Structure
1. The internal structure of the pictures of the bones are somewhat different. In the human, it looks to be more complex and many different sections and areas. The bird bone is complex as well, but when comparing it to the human bone, it seems simple. It looks to be filled with a lot of holes making it very hollow.

2. The bird bones are so hollow because they fly. The lightness of the bones allows the birds to fly better and easier without having to do much work.

3. a. Bones: From bones, scientists are able to gather information stating how much something has grown. When the bone is fossilized, the way it is structured allows for studying to determine the growth rates and other parts about the dinosaur.

b. Growth Rates: As something grows and becomes older, the mass can change overtime. For scientists, this means that they can find an S-shaped curve which represents how much it has grown. The curve shows the rapid change in growth. For example, a dinosaur is barely growing at all, the less steep part of the graph, and then will all of a sudden rapidly grow, the steep part of the graph. This curve allows scientists to figure out the age of dinosaurs just by using their fossilzed bones. They can be traced back to when they were alive and can figure out how long ago they lived and how long they were alive.

c. Longetivities: Looking at the structure of a bone is similiar to looking at the circles around the stump of a tree. Scientists are able to look at the bone and its architecture to determine the life expectancy and the age of the dinosaurs.

d. Growth Strategies: The way the curves are displayed show that the growth goes from very slow to all of a sudden a huge exponential growth. They barely would grow for a while then all of a sudden have a huge growth which is displayed on the bones.