LAB+2-+Rocks


 * LAB 2- Rocks **

Igneous rocks are formed from cooling and solidification of magma or lava. They can either form with our withour crystallization. Sedimentary rocks are formed by sedimenation of material on the Earth's surface and within bodies of water Metamorphic rocks transform and change into a different form through a process of involving heat and pressure.
 * EXERCISE 1: ROCKS **

GYPSUM- An important ingredient in soil which is used in gardening. FELDSPAR- Used in making procelain and china, ingredient in the glass sand batch, and in wheels and discs or garnet. CALCITE- Found in all 3 times of rocks and is a major part of the Earth's crust. It is used in construction materials and other pigments.

1. The basic idea behind separation is that sand drops to the bottom fast. Silt takes a little longer (30 min) to drop to the bottom. Clay takes 24 hours or more to come out of solution. Put three 50 ml tubes in a rack or cup. Put 15 ml of soil into the first tube to the 15 ml line. **Tap** the soil down to make sure it has no air pockets. CACTUS SOIL
 * EXERCISE 2: SOIL COMPOSITION **

2. Use a pipette and add 1 ml of a little soapy water to the soil sample (it is a dispersent) and fill the tube to the 45 ml line with tap water. Cap and gently shake for 2 minutes making sure that the soil sample is well mixed in. REMOVE ORGANIC MATERIAL FROM THE TOP, be sure to dump into TRASH, not in the SINK. Then **add** water to fill to the 45 ml line if there is less than 45 ml.

3. Let the tube sit for **30 seconds**, open the cap and carefully pour the solution into the second tube. Be sure not to dump the solid contents into the second tube. Let this sit for **30 minutes**.

After 30 minutes picture a. read how much sand is left in the tube 14.5 ml b. read how much liquid was poured over and subtract from 45 ml 45-27=18ml


 * || ml || /15 || % ||
 * Sand || 14.5 || /15 || 96.7 ||
 * Silt || 0.5 || /15 || 3.3 ||
 * Clay || 0 || /15 || 0 ||
 * Because the tube was 50ml and I put 15ml of dirt in, my reading was less than 5 for the silt. It made it difficult to read the exact amount*

Part One: A __mold__ fossil is an impression of the fossil made within the substrate while the __cast__ is formed when a mold is filled in.
 * EXERCISE 3: FOSSILS**

[] This picture is an example of a cast. You are able to tell it's a cast because it is filled in to make it a 3-D model of the fossil.

Part Two: AMBER

The fossilzed resin of botanical orgin. It's commonly known as simply, fossil resin. Bacteria, fungi, invertebrates, anthropods, and a rare form for a verterbrate such as a tiny lizard. Amber is biodegradable and once it is in the environment and has been formed, it can turn into dust. Up to 150 million years old. Yes there is DNA in amber because when the fossil is in the amber it is able to preserve it. However, it usually isn't enough DNA to produce any other organisms. Amber gives off a certain scent, is not able to be scratched and is composed of certain elements.
 * What is amber?**
 * What kind of fossils are typically preserved in amber? **
 * How are amber fossils different than those in limestone? **
 * How old can these fossils be? **
 * Does amber contain DNA? Explain. **
 * What is the difference between real and fake amber? **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">Write a brief summary of the tests for real vs fake amber. **

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">Performing tests are the best way to tell whether amber is real or fake. Amber is supposed to float in salt water but fake amber sinks. Real amber cannot be scratched while fake amber can. If the amber smells like plastic then it is usually fake. Real amber is supposed to smell like mild pine or turpentine odor. When amber is rubbed up against a piece of velvet then held above a tissue, if the tissue particles are attracted to the tissue then it is amber. If they do not, the it is fake.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">It would be easiest to conduct the hardness test and the smell test as well.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">Scenario: you are at one of Milwaukee's numerous festivals or at the state fair and you come upon a booth offering amber jewelry. Which 2 tests could you use to detect faux amber? **

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